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Shock (fluid dynamics)
''Shock'' is an abrupt discontinuity in the flow field. It occurs in flows when the local flow speed exceeds the local sound speed. More specifically, it is a flow whose Mach number exceeds 1.
==Explanation of phenomena==
Shock is formed due to coalescence of various small pressure pulses. Sound waves are pressure waves and it is at the speed of the sound wave the disturbances are ''communicated'' in the medium. When an object is moving in a flow field the object sends out disturbances which propagate at the speed of sound and ''adjusts'' the remaining flow field accordingly. However, if the object itself happens to travel at speed greater than sound, then the disturbances created by the object would not have traveled and ''communicated'' to the rest of the flow field and this results in an abrupt change of property, which is termed as ''shock'' in gas dynamics terminology.
Shocks are characterized by discontinuities changes in flow properties such as velocity, pressure, temperature, etc. Typically shock thickness is of a few mean free paths (of the order of 10−8 m). Shocks are irreversible occurrence in supersonic flows (i.e. the entropy increases).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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